Speculative Species

In Speculative Evolution, we envisioned how species could be further developed to increase their resilience based on scientific publications on synthetic biology, genetic engineering and robotics, and formulated text prompts to create AI-generated images using DALL-E. As a result, each speculative species in the environment has a backstory rooted in real-life scenarios.
 
 


Pigeon Robot
Pigeon Robot
2024biomimetic pigeon feathered wings
Laboratory research by Yeh et al., 2024
2054

Lineage of the 45 species from a total of 62

    • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-2Samsung G955F, Android 9, Zurich, Switzerland (63-2)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-2-1Samsung G981U1, Android 10, , United States (63-2-1)
        • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-2-1-1Samsung A920F, Android 10, Alberton, South Africa (63-2-1-1)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-2-2Samsung T227U, Android 13, Kissimmee, United States (63-2-2)
        • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-2-2-1Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (63-2-2-1)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-2-3Samsung G950F, Android 9, São Paulo, Brazil (63-2-3)
    • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-3Samsung G955F, Android 9, Zurich, Switzerland (63-3)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-3-1, Android 12, , United States (63-3-1)
        • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-3-1-1Samsung F936B, Android 13, Stuttgart, Germany (63-3-1-1)
        • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-3-1-2Samsung G955F, Android 9, Berlin, Germany (63-3-1-2)
          • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-3-1-2-1Samsung G950F, Android 9, São Paulo, Brazil (63-3-1-2-1)
          • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-3-1-2-2Samsung G950F, Android 9, São Paulo, Brazil (63-3-1-2-2)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-3-2Samsung G950F, Android 9, São Paulo, Brazil (63-3-2)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-3-3Samsung G950F, Android 9, São Paulo, Brazil (63-3-3)
    • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-4Samsung G955F, Android 9, Stuttgart, Germany (63-4)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-4-1Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (63-4-1)
    • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-5Samsung G950F, Android 9, São Paulo, Brazil (63-5)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-5-1Samsung G955U, Android 9, Basel, Switzerland (63-5-1)
    • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7Samsung G950F, Android 9, São Paulo, Brazil (63-7)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-1Samsung A356B, Android 14, Paris, France (63-7-1)
        • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-1-1Samsung G955U, Android 9, , China (63-7-1-1)
          • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-1-1-1Samsung G975F, Android 12, Leipzig, Germany (63-7-1-1-1)
            • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-1-1-1-1Samsung G955U, Android 9, Basel, Switzerland (63-7-1-1-1-1)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-2Samsung G955U, Android 9, , China (63-7-2)
        • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-2-1Samsung G955U, Android 9, , China (63-7-2-1)
          • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-2-1-1Samsung G955U, Android 9, , China (63-7-2-1-1)
          • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-2-1-2Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (63-7-2-1-2)
        • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-2-2Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (63-7-2-2)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-3Samsung G955U, Android 9, , China (63-7-3)
        • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-3-1Samsung G955U, Android 9, , China (63-7-3-1)
          • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-3-1-1Samsung G955U, Android 9, , China (63-7-3-1-1)
            • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-3-1-1-1Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (63-7-3-1-1-1)
              • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-3-1-1-1-1Samsung G986U1, Android 13, Monterrey, Mexico (63-7-3-1-1-1-1)
            • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-3-1-1-2Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (63-7-3-1-1-2)
            • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-3-1-1-3Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (63-7-3-1-1-3)
        • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-3-2Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (63-7-3-2)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-4Samsung G955U, Android 9, , China (63-7-4)
        • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-7-4-1Samsung G955U, Android 9, , China (63-7-4-1)
    • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-8Samsung G950F, Android 9, São Paulo, Brazil (63-8)
      • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-8-1Samsung G986U1, Android 13, Monterrey, Mexico (63-8-1)
        • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-8-1-1Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (63-8-1-1)
          • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-8-1-1-1Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (63-8-1-1-1)
    • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-9Redmi Note 8, Android 11, Florence, Italy (63-9)
      • Pigeon RobotRedmi Note 8, Android 11, Florence, Italy (63-9)
        • Pigeon Robot, Species 63-9-1-1Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (63-9-1-1)

The Aerodynamic Effect of Biomimetic Pigeon Feathered Wing on a 1-DoF Flapping Mechanism

Yeh et al. (2024), 9, 36. doi:10.3390/biomimetics9010036
https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/9/1/36

Abstract

This study focused on designing a single-degree-of-freedom (1-DoF) mechanism emulating the wings of rock pigeons. Three wing models were created: one with REAL feathers from a pigeon, and the other two models with 3D-printed artificial remiges made using different strengths of material, PLA and PETG. Aerodynamic performance was assessed in a wind tunnel under both stationary (0 m/s) and cruising speed (16 m/s) with flapping frequencies from 3.0 to 6.0 Hz. The stiffness of remiges was examined through three-point bending tests. The artificial feathers made of PLA have greater rigidity than REAL feathers, while PETG, on the other hand, exhibits the weakest strength. At cruising speed, although the artificial feathers exhibit more noticeable feather splitting and more pronounced fluctuations in lift during the flapping process compared to REAL feathers due to the differences in weight and stiffness distribution, the PETG feathered wing showed the highest lift enhancement (28% of pigeon body weight), while the PLA feathered wing had high thrust but doubled drag, making them inefficient in cruising. The PETG feathered wing provided better propulsion efficiency than the REAL feathered wing. Despite their weight, artificial feathered wings outperformed REAL feathers in 1-DoF flapping motion. This study shows the potential for artificial feathers in improving the flight performance of Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicles (FWMAVs).
Keywords: rock pigeon; feathered wing; flapping mechanism; artificial remiges; stiffness
  1. Mechanical system overview and coordinate system.
  2. Internal drive mechanism design within the fuselage.
  3. Front view of the mechanism and definition of the flapping angle.
  1. The wing shape and the definition of geometric parameters.
  2. Three-dimensional wing geometry and cross-sectional geometry of each segment.
  3. The wing shell design at the wing-to-feather connection point.
  4. and (e) Wing surfaces with attached PLA and PETG artificial feathers, respectively.
Schematic diagram and pictures of the experimental setup and force measurement device. The entire flapping mechanism is installed and tested in a closed-circuit low-speed wind tunnel. The relative positioning of the model installation and the wind tunnel is also depicted in the schematic diagram. The background in the schematic represents the test section of the wind tunnel and the relative positioning of the observation window.