Bei Speculative Evolution haben wir ausgehend von wissenschaftlichen Publikationen über synthetische Biologie, Gentechnik und Robotik überlegt, wie Arten weiterentwickelt werden könnten, um ihre Widerstandsfähigkeit zu erhöhen. Daraufhin haben wir Textanweisungen formuliert, um mit DALL-E KI-generierte Bilder zu erstellen. Jede spekulative Art in der Simulation hat so eine Hintergrundgeschichte, die in realen Szenarien verwurzelt ist.

Clonal Raider Ants
2017	genetically modified to provide key clues as to how social behavior evolves Laboratory research by Kronauer, 2017
2054	genetically modified to enhance their sociality through their sense of smell and body movements

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- Samsung A307G, Android 11, Presidente Derqui, Argentina (1-46)
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- Samsung G955F, Android 9, Zurich, Switzerland (1-5)
  - Samsung G955F, Android 9, Zurich, Switzerland (1-5-1)
    - , Android 11, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1-5-1-1)
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  - Samsung G955F, Android 9, Zurich, Switzerland (1-5-2)
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        Samsung G950F, Android 9, São Paulo, Brazil (1-7-1-1-1-2)
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- , Android 11, , United States (1-8)
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        Samsung G986U1, Android 13, Monterrey, Mexico (1-8-2-2-1-1)
      - Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (1-8-2-2-2)
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        Samsung A546U, Android 15, , (1-9-3-1x47-9-9_1x1-9-2_1x61-9-1-1-1_1-1)

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Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (1-9-4)

Samsung G955F, Android 9, Lucerne, Switzerland (1-9-4-1)
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, Android 13, Tambov, Russia (1-9-5-1)
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Samsung G955F, Android 9, Basel, Switzerland (1-9-5x49-1_1)
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- Samsung G965F, Android 9, , Russia (1-9-5x49-1_1-1x12_1)
  - Samsung G965F, Android 9, Moscow, Russia (1-9-5x49-1_1-1x19-6-1-1-2_1)
  - Samsung G965F, Android 9, Moscow, Russia (1-9-5x49-1_1-1x19-6-1-1-2_1x10_1)
    - Samsung A536B, Android 14, Gdansk, Poland (1-9-5x49-1_1-1x23-3-1-4-1-1_1)
    - Samsung G965F, Android 9, , Russia (1-9-5x49-1_1-1x23-3-1-4-1-1_1x33_1)
      - Samsung A035M, Android 13, , (1-9-5x49-1_1-1x23-3-1-4-1-1_1x33_1x41-6-1_1)
      - Samsung G965F, Android 9, , Russia (1-9-5x49-1_1-1x23-3-1-4-1-1_1x8-5-1_1)

, Android 13, Tambov, Russia (1-9-5x49-1_1-2)

, Android 13, Tambov, Russia (1-9-5x49-1_1-2-1)
- , Android 13, Tambov, Russia (1-9-5x49-1_1-2-1-1)

, Android 13, Tambov, Russia (1-9-5x49-1_1-3)

Samsung G965F, Android 9, Moscow, Russia (1-9-5x49-1_1x1_1)

Clonal Raider Ant, Art 1-9-5x49-1_1x34_1

Samsung G965F, Android 10, Moscow, Russia (1-9-5x49-1_1x34_1)

Transcriptomics and neuroanatomy of the clonal raider ant implicate an expanded clade of odorant receptors in chemical communication

Sean K. McKenzie, Ingrid Fetter-Pruneda, Vanessa Ruta, and Daniel J. C. Kronauer

https://www.pnas.org/doi/abs/10.1073/pnas.1610800113

Abstract

A major aim of sociogenomic research is to uncover common principles in the molecular evolution of sociality. This endeavor has been hampered by the small number of specific genes currently known to function in social behavior. Here we provide several lines of evidence suggesting that ants have evolved a large and novel clade of odorant receptor (OR) genes to perceive hydrocarbon-based pheromones, arguably the most important signals in ant communication. This genomic expansion is also mirrored in the ant brain via a corresponding expansion of a specific cluster of glomeruli in the antennal lobe. We show that in the clonal raider ant, hydrocarbon-sensitive basiconic sensilla are found only on the ventral surface of the female antennal club. Correspondingly, nearly all genes in a clade of 180 ORs within the 9-exon subfamily of ORs are expressed exclusively in females and are highly enriched in expression in the ventral half of the antennal club. Furthermore, we found that across species and sexes, the number of 9-exon ORs expressed in antennae is tightly correlated with the number of glomeruli in the antennal lobe region innervated by odorant receptor neurons from basiconic sensilla. Evolutionary analyses show that this clade underwent a striking gene expansion in the ancestors of all ants and slower but continued expansion in extant ant lineages. This evidence suggests that ants have evolved a large clade of genes to support pheromone perception and that gene duplications have played an important role in the molecular evolution of ant communication.

Clonal raider ants antennate each other, tapping each other with the ventral surface of their antennal club.